The Eurovision Song Contest 1965 was the 10th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 20 March 1965 at the in Naples, Italy, and presented by Renata Mauro. It was organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster (RAI), who staged the event after 's entry, "" by Gigliola Cinquetti, won the .

Broadcasters from eighteen countries participated in the contesta new record number of participants. Joining the sixteen countries which had participated in the previous year's event were , who returned after a one year absence, and , making its debut in the contest.

The winner was with the song "", written by Serge Gainsbourg, and performed by the French singer France Gall. It was Luxembourg's second contest victory, following the nation's win in . The , , and rounded out the top five, with the United Kingdom finishing in second place for the fifth time, and Austria achieving its best-ever result with a fourth-place finish. A total of four countries received nul points and finished in joint last place.

With the winning song being of the pop genre, it marked the beginning of a sea change for the contest; it evolved from being an event dominated by and ballads in its early years to one more greatly associated with schlager and pop music for the remainder of the 1960s and into the 1970s and 1980s.

Location The 1965 contest took place in Naples, Italy, following the country's victory at the with the song "" performed by Gigliola Cinquetti. It was the first time that Italy had hosted the event. The chosen venue was the , in the Fuorigrotta suburb of the city. A part of the production centre of the Italian public broadcaster (RAI) within the city, the auditorium was built between 1958 and 1963 and had space for an audience of around 1,000 people. Naples had been chosen by RAI as the host city due to the availability of the necessary equipment within the city's production facilities, as well as to honour Naples' history as a center for music in Europe, including the prestige which the holds.

Participants

Broadcasters from a new record number of eighteen countries submitted entries for the contest. returned after a one-year absence, and made its first ever appearance. For the first time in the contest's history a competing entry was performed entirely in a language which was not the official language of the country it represented, namely the which was performed entirely in English.

Three of the competing artists at this year's event represented their countries for the second time: Conchita Bautista had represented , Vice Vukov had represented , and Udo Jürgens had represented .

+ Eurovision Song Contest 1965 participants Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) Conductor ORF Udo Jürgens "" German Gianni Ferrio BRT Lize Marke "" Dutch DR Birgit Brüel "" Danish YLE Viktor Klimenko "" Finnish George de Godzinsky ORTF Guy Mardel "" French Franck Pourcel NDR Ulla Wiesner "" German RÉ Butch Moore "I'm Walking the Streets in the Rain" English Gianni Ferrio RAI Bobby Solo "" Italian Gianni Ferrio CLT France Gall "" French Serge Gainsbourg Alain Goraguer TMC Marjorie Noël "" French Raymond Bernard NTS Conny Vandenbos "" Dutch Dolf van der Linden NRK Kirsti Sparboe "" Norwegian Jolly Kramer-Johansen Øivind Bergh RTP Simone de Oliveira "" Portuguese TVE Conchita Bautista "" Spanish Antonio Figueroa Egea Adolfo Ventas Rodríguez SR Ingvar Wixell "Absent Friend" English SRG SSR Yovanna "" French Mario Robbiani BBC Kathy Kirby "I Belong" English Eric Robinson JRT Vice Vukov "" () Serbo-Croatian Radivoje Spasić

Production and format

The contest was produced and broadcast by the Italian public broadcaster RAI. served as director, Francesco De Martino served as designer, and Gianni Ferrio served as musical director of the RAI Orchestra comprising 48 musicians. Each participating delegation was allowed to nominate its own musical director to lead the orchestra during the performance of its country's entry, with the host musical director also conducting for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor. The event was presented by Renata Mauro and was overseen on behalf of the contest organisers, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), by Miroslav Vilček as scrutineer.

The stage design within the venue had the orchestra situated in the centre, on top a transparent dais which allowed for special lighting effects to be made during the performances. Stage left was a performance area which the majority of artists used for their performances, with a backdrop featuring the Eurovision logo, while stage right was the scoreboard. The performance area was also used by Mauro in her opening and closing remarks, and introduce the competing acts. The large pipe organ within the RAI auditorium, with over 9,000 pipes, featured prominently behind the orchestra during the contest, as well as during the voting sequence when Mauro was pictured standing in front of it.

Each country, participating through a single EBU member broadcaster, was represented by one song performed by up to two people on stage. No entry was allowed to be commercially published before 10 February 1965; this caused an issue for the , "Se piangi, se ridi" by Bobby Solo, which had won the 15th Sanremo Music Festival on 30 January, as around 240,000 copies of the single release had been available in Italy by the cut-off date. Although a small number of the other broadcasters participating in the event raised objections to the song competing, given that RAI was hosting the event, with disqualification of the host broadcaster considered impossible, and an understanding that there was little time available to select a new song, "Se piangi, se ridi" was ultimately allowed to compete.

The results of the event were determined through jury voting, with the same voting system introduced for the previous year's event retained. Each jury comprised ten individuals representing the average television viewer and radio listener; as such no individuals in the music industry, including composers, music publishers, and people employed by record companies, were able to sit on the jury. Each jury comprised twenty members, who each had three votes to award in total, which could be given to one song or divided across two or three songs. Jurors could not vote for their own country, and no abstentions were allowed. The song which was awarded the most votes received five points, the second-highest three points, and the third-highest one point. If only two songs had been awarded votes they would receive six and three points for first and second respectively, and if only one song was awarded votes they would receive nine points.

The draw to determine the running order took place on 9 February 1965 in Geneva, Switzerland. Each country's delegation was provided a 45-minute slot to rehearse with the orchestra in the contest venue. Rehearsals commenced on 17 March 1965, starting with Switzerland, followed by the UK, Spain, Italy, Germany and Austria also rehearsing on the first day. Rehearsals continued on 18 March for Norway, Portugal, Monaco, Sweden, France and Belgium, and on 19 March for Ireland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Finland, Yugoslavia and the Netherlands. Technical rehearsals were held on 20 March, followed by two full dress rehearsals ahead of the live broadcast that evening; the second dress rehearsal was also heard by the national juries.

Contest overview

The contest was held on 20 March 1965 at 22:00 (CET) and lasted 1 hour and 38 minutes. The interval act was a performance by the Italian operatic tenor Mario Del Monaco, who gave a rendition of "O sole mio", although rather than singing live he mimed his performance to a previously recorded version. The prize for the winning artist and songwriters, a medallion engraved with the Eurovision logo designed by , was presented by Del Monaco.

The winner was represented by the song "", written by Serge Gainsbourg and performed by the French singer France Gall. It was Luxembourg's second contest win, following victory at the . The came in second for the fifth time, while placed third. , in fourth place, achieved its best-ever result, while four countries, namely , , and , finished in joint last place with nul points.

The contest was a tumultuous experience for Gall who, at 17 years old, was the youngest competitor at this year's event. During rehearsals the musicians in the orchestra were displeased with the fast tempo of the song, resorting to booing and whistling towards Gall as a form of disrespect and protest. This infuriated Gainsbourg, who insulted the orchestra and stormed out while threatening to leave Naples entirely and return to Paris, leaving Gall alone with an angry orchestra to finish the rehearsal. While the fractious relationship between Gainsbourg and the orchestra was eventually settled, the experience had a continued impact on Gall's confidence during the contest; as Gall recounted in 2015, this led to what she perceived to be a shaky and nervy performance during the event, which she believed diminished her chances of doing well in the contest. When she looked for support over the telephone from her then-boyfriend, the French singer Claude François, he supposedly reinforced her doubts, telling her she sang out-of-key. Ultimately, however, Gall would take the lead from the first round of votes, and retain the lead until the very end, beating the UK's Kathy Kirby by six points. Upon her victory, before going out on stage for the award presentation and reprise performance of the winning song, Gall called François again, who broke up with her over the phone; Kirby meanwhile, who had been the pre-contest favourite to win, was upset at losing to the young Gall and stormed into the Luxembourgish delegation's dressing room, claiming the contest had been rigged in Gall's favour, and slapped her. Gall was subsequently in tears as she went back on stage, which were interpreted as tears of joy by the assembled press.

+ Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1965 Country Artist Song Points Place 1 "" 5 11 2 "I Belong" 26 2 3 "" 0 15 4 "I'm Walking the Streets in the Rain" 11 6 5 "" 0 15 6 "" 16 4 7 "" 1 13 8 "" 0 15 9 "" 7 9 10 "Absent Friend" 6 10 11 "" 22 3 12 "" 1 13 13 "" 15 5 14 "" 10 7 15 "" 32 1 16 "" 0 15 17 "" 2 12 18 Yovanna "" 8 8

Spokespersons Each participating broadcaster appointed a spokesperson, connected to the contest venue via telephone lines and responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for its respective country. Known spokespersons at the 1965 contest are listed below.

Dick van Bommel

Detailed voting results

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries. The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order. The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below, with voting countries listed in the order in which they presented their votes.

+ Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1965 scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" scope="col" rowspan="18" Netherlands 5 5 United Kingdom 26 5 1 6 3 1 5 5 Spain 0 Ireland 11 3 5 3 Germany 0 Austria 16 3 5 5 3 Norway 1 1 Belgium 0 Monaco 7 5 1 1 Sweden 6 3 3 France 22 1 3 1 3 5 3 1 5 Portugal 1 1 Italy 15 3 1 1 3 3 3 1 Denmark 10 5 5 Luxembourg 32 5 1 3 5 5 3 1 1 5 3 Finland 0 Yugoslavia 2 1 1 Switzerland 8 3 5

5 points