Demographic features of the population of Equatorial Guinea include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Population

According to the United Nations, the total population was 1,892,516 in 2024 (mid-year estimate), compared to only 226,563 in 1950. In 2024 the proportion of children below the age of 15 was approximately 37.3%, 59.0% were between 15 and 64 years of age, while 3.7% were 65 years or older.

Year Total population Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%) 1950 226,563 34.2 60.1 5.6 1951 230,615 — — — 1952 234,684 — — — 1953 238,796 — — — 1954 242,975 — — — 1955 247,215 35.7 59.0 5.3 1956 251,528 — — — 1957 255,915 — — — 1958 260,386 — — — 1959 264,961 — — — 1960 269,807 37.0 57.9 5.0 1961 274,932 — — — 1962 280,345 — — — 1963 286,047 — — — 1964 292,042 — — — 1965 298,238 38.3 56.9 4.8 1966 304,721 — — — 1967 311,520 — — — 1968 318,655 — — — 1969 320,000 — — — 1970 320,803 38.7 56.7 4.6 1971 318,000 — — — 1972 312,000 — — — 1973 305,000 — — — 1974 296,000 — — — 1975 287,901 44.8 49.8 5.4 1976 280,000 — — — 1977 275,000 — — — 1978 278,000 — — — 1979 283,000 — — — 1980 288,644 43.7 50.3 6.0 1981 302,000 — — — 1982 320,000 — — — 1983 342,000 — — — 1984 363,000 — — — 1985 385,547 34.7 60.4 4.9 1986 405,000 — — — 1987 425,000 — — — 1988 442,000 — — — 1989 458,000 — — — 1990 474,274 37.7 57.8 4.5 1991 492,000 — — — 1992 511,000 — — — 1993 530,000 — — — 1994 550,000 — — — 1995 571,264 41.9 54.1 4.1 1996 595,000 — — — 1997 622,000 — — — 1998 651,000 — — — 1999 677,000 — — — 2000 703,279 42.6 53.8 3.7 2001 749,836 — — — 2002 797,957 — — — 2003 847,862 — — — 2004 899,917 — — — 2005 947,367 40.5 56.2 3.2 2006 990,343 — — — 2007 1,036,044 — — — 2008 1,084,530 — — — 2009 1,135,673 — — — 2010 1,189,085 39.2 57.9 2.9 2011 1,241,835 — — — 2012 1,293,483 — — — 2013 1,346,218 — — — 2014 1,399,828 — — — 2015 1,453,923 38.3 58.0 3.7 2016 1,508,186 — — — 2017 1,562,396 — — — 2018 1,616,422 — — — 2019 1,670,177 — — — 2020 1,716,468 37.9 58.3 3.8 2021 1,758,786 — — — 2022 1,803,545 — — — 2023 1,847,549 37.3 58.9 3.8 2024 1,892,516 37.3 59.0 3.7 2025 1,938,431 37.1 59.1 3.8

Population by sex and age group (mid-year 2024 estimates): Age groupMaleFemaleTotal% Total 997,750 894,770 1,892,520 100 0–4 129,184 126,559 255,743 13.51 5–9 119,278 117,267 236,546 12.50 10–14 107,433 105,912 213,345 11.27 15–19 91,198 89,448 180,645 9.55 20–24 76,609 70,028 146,637 7.75 25–29 72,026 63,393 135,419 7.16 30–34 76,600 63,599 140,198 7.41 35–39 78,929 59,550 138,478 7.32 40–44 65,160 46,074 111,234 5.88 45–49 52,078 36,983 89,061 4.71 50–54 41,333 30,998 72,331 3.82 55–59 31,175 26,288 57,462 3.04 60–64 23,741 21,881 45,622 2.41 65–69 15,014 15,470 30,483 1.61 70–74 9,722 10,973 20,695 1.09 75–79 4,895 5,633 10,527 0.56 80–84 2,276 3,140 5,417 0.29 85–89 835 1,200 2,035 0.11 90–94 202 314 515 0.03 95–99 49 54 102 0.01 100+ 13 6 19 0.00Age group MaleFemaleTotalPercent 0–14 355,895 349,738 705,634 37.3 15–64 608,849 508,242 1,117,091 59.0 65+ 33,006 36,790 69,796 3.7

Year Live births Deaths Natural change CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* 1950 9,638 5,593 4,045 42.5 24.7 17.9 5.68 1951 9,763 5,709 4,054 42.3 24.5 17.8 5.67 1952 9,884 5,793 4,091 42.1 24.4 17.7 5.67 1953 10,003 5,860 4,143 41.9 24.3 17.6 5.66 1954 10,122 5,916 4,206 41.7 24.2 17.5 5.66 1955 10,241 5,966 4,275 41.4 24.1 17.3 5.66 1956 10,360 6,010 4,350 41.2 24.0 17.2 5.65 1957 10,482 6,051 4,431 41.0 23.9 17.1 5.65 1958 10,608 6,090 4,518 40.7 23.8 17.0 5.65 1959 10,742 6,128 4,614 40.5 23.7 16.9 5.65 1960 10,893 6,167 4,726 40.4 22.9 17.5 5.65 1961 11,068 6,210 4,858 40.3 22.7 17.6 5.66 1962 11,273 6,260 5,013 40.2 22.5 17.7 5.67 1963 11,509 6,317 5,185 40.2 22.3 18.0 5.69 1964 11,776 6,382 5,394 40.3 22.1 18.2 5.71 1965 12,074 6,455 5,619 40.5 21.6 18.8 5.73 1966 12,403 6,535 5,868 40.7 21.5 19.2 5.76 1967 12,760 6,624 6,136 40.9 21.3 19.6 5.78 1968 13,138 6,720 6,418 41.2 21.1 20.1 5.79 1969 13,430 10,836 2,594 41.5 33.5 8.0 5.80 1970 13,524 10,809 2,715 42.2 33.7 8.5 5.81 1971 13,473 8,650 4,823 42.5 27.3 15.2 5.81 1972 13,303 6,731 6,572 42.8 21.6 21.1 5.81 1973 13,036 6,527 6,509 42.9 21.5 21.4 5.80 1974 12,731 7,033 5,698 43.0 23.8 19.3 5.80 1975 12,424 7,844 4,580 43.2 27.2 15.9 5.79 1976 12,124 9,673 2,451 43.0 34.3 8.7 5.79 1977 11,932 6,381 5,551 42.8 22.9 19.9 5.80 1978 11,899 6,264 5,635 42.7 22.5 20.2 5.80 1979 12,003 6,216 5,787 42.6 22.1 20.6 5.82 1980 12,329 5,186 7,143 42.7 18.0 24.7 5.84 1981 12,906 5,333 7,573 43.3 17.9 25.4 5.86 1982 13,718 5,536 8,182 44.2 17.8 26.4 5.88 1983 14,695 5,808 8,887 45.2 17.9 27.3 5.90 1984 16,236 6,159 10,077 46.5 17.6 28.9 5.93 1985 17,643 6,464 11,179 45.8 16.8 29.0 5.95 1986 18,829 6,768 12,061 46.2 16.6 29.6 5.96 1987 19,777 7,049 12,728 46.4 16.5 29.9 5.97 1988 20,541 7,274 13,267 46.3 16.4 29.9 5.98 1989 21,220 7,495 13,725 46.2 16.3 29.9 5.99 1990 21,861 7,704 14,157 46.1 16.2 29.9 5.99 1991 22,489 7,907 14,582 45.7 16.1 29.6 5.99 1992 23,125 8,115 15,010 45.3 15.9 29.4 5.98 1993 23,781 8,322 15,459 44.9 15.7 29.2 5.98 1994 24,468 8,530 15,938 44.4 15.5 28.9 5.98 1995 25,072 8,726 16,346 43.9 15.3 28.6 5.97 1996 25,712 8,910 16,802 43.3 15.0 28.3 5.96 1997 26,391 9,086 17,305 42.7 14.7 28.0 5.94 1998 27,114 9,259 17,855 42.1 14.4 27.7 5.91 1999 27,878 9,413 18,465 41.5 14.0 27.5 5.88 2000 28,690 9,559 19,131 40.8 13.6 27.2 5.83 2001 30,313 9,936 20,377 40.5 13.3 27.2 5.79 2002 32,057 10,313 21,744 40.3 13.0 27.3 5.73 2003 33,907 10,738 23,169 40.1 12.7 27.4 5.68 2004 35,845 11,179 24,666 40.0 12.5 27.5 5.62 2005 37,814 11,699 26,115 39.9 12.3 27.6 5.56 2006 39,298 11,894 27,404 39.5 12.0 27.5 5.50 2007 40,807 12,135 28,672 39.1 11.6 27.5 5.43 2008 42,302 12,361 29,941 38.7 11.3 27.4 5.36 2009 43,778 12,593 31,185 38.3 11.0 27.3 5.29 2010 45,207 12,839 32,368 38.0 10.8 27.2 5.21 2011 46,562 13,060 33,502 37.5 10.5 27.0 5.13 2012 47,565 13,218 34,347 36.8 10.2 26.6 5.04 2013 48,510 13,351 35,159 36.0 9.9 26.1 4.95 2014 49,389 13,499 35,890 35.3 9.6 25.6 4.86 2015 50,205 13,662 36,543 34.5 9.4 25.1 4.77 2016 50,965 13,784 37,181 33.8 9.1 24.7 4.69 2017 51,669 13,928 37,741 33.1 8.9 24.2 4.60 2018 52,372 14,040 38,332 32.4 8.7 23.7 4.51 2019 53,083 14,189 38,894 31.8 8.5 23.3 4.43 2020 53,813 14,818 38,995 31.4 8.6 22.7 4.35 2021 54,000 14,840 39,160 30.7 8.4 22.3 4.27 2022 54,328 14,456 39,872 30.1 8.0 22.1 4.17 2023 54,694 14,556 40,138 29.6 7.9 21.7 4.08 2024 56,763 14,858 41,905 30.0 7.9 22.1 4.12 2025 57,351 15,127 42,224 29.6 7.8 21.8 4.04 * CBR = crude birth rate (per 1,000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1,000); NC = natural change (per 1,000); TFR = total fertility rate (children per woman). Absolute numbers rounded. Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024 (medium variant).

Ethnic groups

Native ethnic groups

The majority of the people of Equatorial Guinea are of Niger-Congo origin. The largest ethnic group, the Fang, are indigenous to the mainland, but substantial migration to Bioko Island has resulted in Fang dominance over the earlier Bubi inhabitants. The Fang constitute 80% of the population and are themselves divided into 67 clans. Those in the northern part of Rio Muni speak Fang-Ntumu, while those in the south speak Fang-Okah; the two dialects are mutually unintelligible. The Bubi, who constitute 15% of the population, are indigenous to Bioko Island.

In addition, there are coastal ethnic groups, collectively referred to as Ndowe or Playeros ("Beach People" in Spanish): Combes, Bujebas, Balengues and Bengas on the mainland and small islands and a Fernandino community of Krio descended people on Bioko. Together, these groups compose 5% of the population.

Two small groups of Pygmies also inhabit the country, the Beyele and the Bokuign, the former being located in the Altos de Nsork region.Monte Alén-Monts de Cristal Landscape: Ethnic groups . In: Observatoire des Fôrets de l'Afrique Centrale (2006). The Forests of the Congo Basin. The State of the Forest 2006, p. 117. Their population is dwindling, them being subjected to heavy pressure from their neighbours, who don't even consider them as human.

Recently immigrated peoples Some Europeans (largely of Spanish or Portuguese descent) – among them mixed with African ethnicity – also live in the nation. Most Spaniards left after independence. There is a growing number of foreigners from neighboring Cameroon, Nigeria, and Gabon. Equatorial Guinea received Asians and black Africans from other countries as workers on cocoa and coffee plantations. There are some hundreds of Latin Americans in the country since the late 20th century. 17,000 Spanish people and 5,000 Chinese people also live in Equatorial Guinea. The non-Africans living in Equatorial Guinea represent almost 10% of the nation's total population. Other black Africans came from Liberia, Angola, and Mozambique, and Asians are mostly Chinese with small numbers of Indians. Equatorial Guinea also allowed many fortune-seeking European settlers of other nationalities, including British, French and Germans. After independence, thousands of Equatorial Guineans went to Spain. Another 100,000 Equatorial Guineans went to Cameroon, Gabon, and Nigeria because of dictatorship of Francisco Macías Nguema. Some of its communities also live in Brazil, United States, Spain, Colombia, Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Portugal, and France.

Languages

Spanish, French and Portuguese are the official languages and spoken as second languages. Spanish is the language of education, and for this reason a majority of the population (about 88%) can speak it.Gloria Nistal Rosique: El caso del español en Guinea Ecuatorial (in Spanish) Spanish is spoken as a native language by a small minority in Equatorial Guinea, primarily in larger cities.

Annobonese speak a Portuguese Creole, named Annobonese, as their first language. Asian migrants and descendants of European settlers (mostly Spaniards, Britons and Portuguese) usually speak their ancestral languages along with Spanish. Other Africans usually speak their native languages and their nation's official languages – English and Igbo for Nigerians; English for Cameroonians and Liberians; French for Cameroonians and Gabonese; and Portuguese for Angolans and Mozambicans. The latter was made an official language since July 13, 2007. 82% of first foreign language learners choose the French language and 18% the English language. The Roman Catholic Church has greatly influenced both religion and education.

Languages of traditional names Equatoguineans tend to have both a Spanish first name and an African first and last name. When written, the Spanish and African first names are followed by the father's first name (which becomes the principal surname) and the mother's first name. Thus people may have up to four names, with a different surname for each generation.

Other demographic statistics Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022. One birth every 11 minutes One death every 41 minutes One net migrant every 41 minutes Net gain of one person every 11 minutes

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.

Population 1,679,173 (2022 est.) 836,178 (July 2020 est.) note: 2002 census results claim 1,015,000 residents, although this was most likely inflated in anticipation for the December election.

Languages Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes Fang, Bubi, Portuguese (official), French (official), Portuguese-based Creoles spoken in Ano Bom) 32.4% (1994 est.)

Religions Roman Catholic 88%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2015 est.) Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2010 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 38.73% (male 164,417 /female 159,400) 15-24 years: 19.94% (male 84,820 /female 81,880)