The following is a timeline of the history of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam:

Prehistory

 BCE — The Bronze-Age Dong Son culture of the Lac people occupies the Red River valley

Van Lang  BCE — According to much later sources, the area of present-day Hanoi formed part of the Giao Chỉ region of Van Lang  BCE — The Âu Việt, united under the Shu emigrant Shu Pan (), invade and conquer Van Lang

Au Lac  BCE — Co Loa established by Shu Pan in the present city's Đông Anh district to serve as the capital of the unified kingdom of Âu Lạc

Qin Empire 214 BCE — The First Emperor begins his campaign against the Baiyue () people of the south 208 BCE — General Zhao Tuo () defeats Shu Pan and takes Co Loa, incorporating it into his Nanhai Commandery

Nanyue 204 BCE — Zhao Tuo declares his realm the independent kingdom of Nanyue () 196 BCE — Lu Jia secures the nominal submission of Nanyue to Han 179 BCE — By this point, Nanyue's lands in the Red River valley have been organized as the commandery of Jiaozhi ()

Han Empire 111 BCE — The commander of Jiaozhi submits to Han following Lu Bode's razing of the capital Panyu, remaining in his post and beginning the "First Era of Northern Domination" of Vietnam. 208 CE — Longbian () erected in its eponymous district 226 — A Roman embassy arrives

Jin dynasty 271 CE —Jiao Province Campaign between Eastern Wu and the Jin dynasty 399 CE —Longbian came under siege from Champa army led by king Bhadravarman I. He had killed two Chinese governors, Gun Yuan and Cao Ping, while inciting locals to revolt against the Chinese. The siege was relieved later by Chinese reinforcement under the command of Jiaozhou governor Du Yian.

Liu Song Empire 454 464 — Songping (Tống Bình) established by the Liu Song on the south bank of the Red River in Hanoi's Từ Liêm district and Hoài Đức district

Van Xuan 544 — Long Biên serves as the capital of Ly Bi's realm of Van Xuan

Tang Empire 621 — Long Biên and Songping briefly elevated to prefectural status as Longzhou and Songzhou 722 — Songping falls to Mai Thúc Loan late 8th century — Zhang Boyi erects Luocheng (, "Enclosing Wall[ed City]") in the present city's Ba Đình district early 9th century — Luocheng renamed Jincheng (, "Golden Wall[ed City]") 863 —Nanzhao captured Hanoi from the Tang dynasty 866 — Gao Pian, the local jiedushi, expands the fortress at Jincheng and renames it Da Luocheng (, "Big Enclosing Wall[ed City]")

Dai Viet 1010 — Luocheng renamed Thang Long with the erection of its Imperial Citadel and dedication as the capital of the Lý dynasty. Quán Thánh Temple built. 1049 — One Pillar Pagoda built. 1070 — Temple of Literature built. 1076 — Guozijian established. 1225 — City becomes capital of the Trần dynasty. 1258, 1285 and 1288 — the city had been sacked and burned by Mongol. All previous constructions were destroyed as the city was rebuilt later. 15th century — Quán Sứ Pagoda built. 1408 — City renamed Dōngguān (), "Eastern Gateway"; Đông Quan in Vietnamese) by the Chinese Ming dynasty. 1428 — City renamed Đông Kinh (), as known by Westerners as Tonkin. 1573 — "Foggy Lake" renamed West Lake. 1615 — Trấn Quốc Pagoda relocated to West Lake. 1656 — Láng Temple renovated. 1686 — Hương Temple expanded. 1730s — Trúc Lâm Palace built at Trúc Bạch Lake. 1802 — Vietnamese capital relocated to Huế. Most royal palaces were destroyed during the previous Tay Son rebellion (1771—1789). 1812 — Flag Tower built. 1831 — City renamed Hà Nội (, "Between Rivers" or "River Interior") by Nguyễn emperor Minh Mạng. 19th century — Ngọc Sơn Temple built.

French occupation (19th-20th c.) 1873 — November 20: Francis Garnier of France takes citadel. 1874 — March 15: French concession granted per treaty. 1882 — French occupation begins. 1883 May 19: Battle of Cầu Giấy (Paper Bridge) fought near city. August 15: Battle of Phủ Hoài fought near city. 1884 — L'Avenir du Tonkin French newspaper begins publication. 1886 Kinh Thien Palace built. Turtle Tower built in Hoàn Kiếm Lake. 1887 — Banque de l'Indochine branch opens. 1888 — St. Joseph's Cathedral built. 1889 — City area expanded with land from Tho Xuong and Vinh Thuan districts. 1890 Steamboat begins operating on the Red River. Racecourse opens. 1894 — Lanessan Hospital built for French military. 1898 Hỏa Lò Prison built. Geological Museum established. 1900 — French School of the Far East headquartered in Hanoi. 1902 City becomes capital of French Indochina. Hanoi railway station opens. Indochina Medical College founded. Indo China Exposition Française et Internationale (world's fair) held. Population: 150,000. 1903 — Long Biên Bridge constructed. 1906 Presidential Palace built. University of Indochina established. 1908 — Collège du Protectorat established. 1910 Phùng Khoang Church built. Museum of archaeology and ethnology organized. 1911 — Hanoi Opera House built. 1917 Indochinese Central Archives set up. Bach Mai Airfield constructed. 1919 — Lycée Albert Sarraut and Bibliothèque Centrale Hanoi established. 1925 — Ecole des Beaux-arts d'Indochine opens. 1926 — Musee Louis Finot established. 1929 — March: Vietnamese Communist Party organized on Ham Long Street. 1930 Provisional Vietnamese Communist Party headquartered on Tho Nhuom Street. Đồng tử quân youth scouting group formed. 1932 — Cửa Bắc Church built. 1934 — Hàm Long Church built. 1936 Gia Lam Airfield constructed. Indochina Communist Party headquartered on Phung Hung Street.

Japanese occupation 1941 — December 7: Japanese occupation begins. 1942 — Hoan Long District (now Ba Đình district) becomes part of city.

French reoccupation 1945 Japanese occupation ends. September 2: Ho Chi Minh reads the Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Ba Đình Square. Vietnam National University and National Library of Vietnam established. September 7: Voice of Vietnam begins broadcasting. Tran Van Lai becomes mayor. 1946 March 2: National Assembly meets in the Great Theatre. December 19: Battle of Hanoi begins. 1947 — February 17: Battle of Hanoi ends; French in power. 1951 — October 11: Hanoi National University of Education established.

Democratic Republic of Vietnam 1954 City becomes capital of independent North Vietnam. People's Open Air Theatre active. Hanoi Radio begins broadcasting. 1955 — College of Foreign Languages founded. 1956 — Vietnam School of Music, University of Agriculture and Forestry, and Hanoi University of Science and Technology established. 1958 September: Vietnam National Museum of History established. Thanh Niên Road constructed between Trúc Bạch Lake and West Lake. 1959 Vietnam Museum of Revolution, Hanoi University of Foreign Studies, and Electricity Water Resources Academy established. Vietnam Military History Museum inaugurated. 1960 Foreign Trade University and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi established. Population: 414,620 city; 643,576 urban agglomeration. 1961 Cultural College of Hanoi established. School of Public Administration in operation. 1962 — National Archives Center #1 established. 1965 — Residents begin evacuating city on threat of airstrikes by United States forces. 1966 June 29: Aerial bombing outside city by United States forces. Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts inaugurated. Le Quy Don Technical University established. 1967 Aerial bombing by U.S.; air battles between U.S. and North Vietnamese forces. D67 underground command bunker installed at Kinh Thien Palace. 1968 — Hànội mói newspaper in publication. 1969 — Hanoi Architectural University and Foreign Language Specialized School established. 1970 — September 7: Vietnam Television begins broadcasting. 1972 April: Bombing by United States forces. December: Aerial bombing by United States forces. 1974 — Central Secondary School of Archives and Office Skills established. 1975 — Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum inaugurated. 1976 — City becomes capital of Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 1978 — Noi Bai International Airport opens. 1979 — Population: 879,500. 1980 — Hanoi Institute of Theatre and Cinema founded. 1984 — Vietnam National Symphony Orchestra revived. 1985 Chương Dương Bridge built. Hanoi – Amsterdam High School established. 1988 — Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre headquartered in Hanoi. 1989 — Population: 1,089,760 city; 3,056,146 urban agglomeration. 1990 — Ho Chi Minh Museum established. 1992 — Population: 1,073,760. 1993 Vietnam War Memorial erected. Hanoi University of Science in operation. Mai art gallery opens. 1995 Institut de la Francophonie pour l'Informatique founded. Vietnamese Women's Museum dedicated. 1997 Vietnam Museum of Ethnology opens. November: Organisation internationale de la Francophonie summit held. 1998 March 24: Turtle sighting in Hoàn Kiếm Lake. Hàng Đẫy Stadium opens. Hanoi Garden opens. 1999 — Population: 1,523,936.

21st century

2000 — November: President of the United States, Bill Clinton, made historic visit to Vietnam. He was the first U.S. leader ever to officially visit Hanoi.

2001 — Trang Tien Plaza (shopping center) in business. 2002 — National Archives Center #3 opens. 2003 Mỹ Đình National Stadium opens in Từ Liêm District. Green Tangerine restaurant opens in the Old Quarter. November: City hosts meeting of Asian Network of Major Cities 21. 2005 — Hanoi Securities Trading Center launched. 2006 Vietnam National Convention Center built in Từ Liêm District. FPT University established. November: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting held. 2008 Hanoi Capital Region created to include 29 districts; population expands to 6,232,940. Thanh Trì Bridge and Vĩnh Tuy Bridge constructed. Ba Đình Hall demolished. 2009 — October–November: 2009 Asian Indoor Games held. 2010 July: 2010 Asian Junior Athletics Championships held. October: Millennial Anniversary of Hanoi. Hanoi Museum opens. 2011 — Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower built. 2019 — 2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit 2021 — Hanoi Metro opens. 2023 — September: Hanoi building fire

See also Hanoi history Districts of Hanoi List of Buddhist temples in Hanoi List of historical capitals of Vietnam Television and mass media in Vietnam

References

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External links