Events Pre-1600 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. 554 – Emperor Justinian I issues a Pragmatic Sanction in which he organises the renewed Roman rule over the recently re-conquered Italy. All privileges granted to Romans under the Gothic rule until 538 are confirmed, confiscated estates restored and the participation of the Roman Church in civil government increased. 582 – Maurice is crowned Emperor of the Byzantine Empire by the dying emperor Tiberius. 871 – Emperor Louis II of Italy and Empress Engelberga are captured by Prince Adelchis of Benevento.Barbara Kreutz, Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996), pp. 46–47. 900 – Count Reginar I of Hainault rises against Zwentibold of Lotharingia and slays him near present-day Susteren. 1099 – Election of Pope Paschal II following the death of pope Urban II in the previous month. 1415 – The English invasion of France begins when English king Henry V lands in France. 1516 – The Treaty of Noyon between France and Spain is signed. Francis I of France recognizes Charles's claim to Naples, and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, recognizes Francis's claim to Milan. 1521 – After an extended siege, forces led by Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés capture Tlatoani Cuauhtémoc and conquer the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. 1532 – Union of Brittany and France: The Duchy of Brittany is absorbed into the Kingdom of France. 1536 – Buddhist monks from Kyoto, Japan's Enryaku-ji temple set fire to 21 Nichiren temples throughout Kyoto in what will be known as the Tenbun Hokke Disturbance. 1553 – Michael Servetus is arrested by John Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland as a heretic.
1601–1900 1624 – The French king Louis XIII appoints Cardinal Richelieu as prime minister. 1645 – Sweden and Denmark sign the Peace of Brömsebro. 1650 – Colonel George Monck of the English Army forms Monck's Regiment of Foot, which will later become the Coldstream Guards. 1704 – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Blenheim: English and Imperial forces are victorious over French and Bavarian troops. 1724 – Johann Sebastian Bach leads the first performance of Nimm von uns, Herr, du treuer Gott, BWV 101, a chorale cantata on a famous tune. 1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Royal Navy defeats the Penobscot Expedition with the most significant loss of United States naval forces prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor. 1792 – King Louis XVI of France is formally arrested by the National Tribunal, and declared an enemy of the people. 1806 – Battle of Mišar during the Serbian Revolution begins. The battle ends two days later with a Serbian victory over the Ottomans. 1814 – The Convention of London, a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United Netherlands, is signed in London, England. 1868 – The 8.5–9.0 Arica earthquake strikes southern Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing 25,000+ deaths and a destructive basin-wide tsunami that affected Hawaii and New Zealand. 1876 – A performance of Wagner's Das Rheingold opens the first Ring cycle at the first Bayreuth Festival. 1889 – William Gray of Hartford, Connecticut is granted United States Patent Number 408,709 for "Coin-controlled apparatus for telephones." 1898 – Spanish–American War: Spanish and American forces engage in a mock battle for Manila, after which the Spanish commander surrendered in order to keep the city out of Filipino rebel hands. 1898 – Carl Gustav Witt discovers 433 Eros, the first near-Earth asteroid to be found. 1900 – The steamer Deutschland of Hamburg America Lines sets a new record for the eastward passage when it docks in Plymouth, England, five days, 11 hours and 45 minutes after sailing from New York, breaking by three hours, six minutes its previous mark in its maiden voyage in July.
1901–present 1905 – Norwegians vote to end the union with Sweden. 1906 – The all black infantrymen of the U.S. Army's 25th Infantry Regiment are accused of killing a white bartender and wounding a white police officer in Brownsville, Texas, despite exculpatory evidence; all are later dishonorably discharged. (Their records were later restored to reflect honorable discharges but there were no financial settlements.) 1913 – First production in the UK of stainless steel by Harry Brearley. 1918 – Women enlist in the United States Marine Corps for the first time. Opha May Johnson is the first woman to enlist. 1918 – Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) is established as a public company in Germany. 1920 – Polish–Soviet War: The Battle of Warsaw begins and will last till August 25. The Red Army is defeated. 1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Shanghai begins. 1940 – World War II: The German Luftwaffe launches an air operation, codenamed Adlertag, during the Battle of Britain in an attempt to destroy the British Royal Air Force. 1942 – Major General Eugene Reybold of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers authorizes the construction of facilities that would house the "Development of Substitute Materials" project, better known as the Manhattan Project. 1944 – World War II: German troops begin the pillage and razing of Anogeia in Crete that would continue until September 5. 1954 – Radio Pakistan broadcasts the "Qaumī Tarāna", the national anthem of Pakistan for the first time. 1960 – The Central African Republic declares independence from France. 1961 – Cold War: East Germany closes the border between the eastern and western sectors of Berlin to thwart its inhabitants' attempts to escape to the West, and construction of the Berlin Wall is started. The day is known as Barbed Wire Sunday. 1964 – Peter Allen and Gwynne Evans are hanged for the murder of John Alan West becoming the last people executed in the United Kingdom. 1967 – Two young women became the first fatal victims of grizzly bear attacks in the 57-year history of Montana's Glacier National Park in separate incidents. 1968 – Alexandros Panagoulis attempts to assassinate the Greek dictator Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos in Varkiza, Athens. 1969 – The Apollo 11 astronauts enjoy a ticker-tape parade in New York City. That evening, at a state dinner in Los Angeles, they are awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U.S. President Richard Nixon. 1973 – Aviaco Flight 118 crashes on approach to A Coruña Airport in A Coruña, Spain, killing all 85 people on the plane and one other one the ground. 1977 – Members of the British National Front (NF) clash with anti-NF demonstrators in Lewisham, London, resulting in 214 arrests and at least 111 injuries. 1978 – One hundred fifty Palestinians in Beirut are killed in a terrorist attack during the second phase of the Lebanese Civil War. 1990 – A mainland Chinese fishing boat Min Ping Yu No. 5202 is hit by a Taiwanese naval vessel and sinks in a repatriation operation of mainland Chinese immigrants, resulting in 21 deaths. This is the second tragedy less than a month after Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident. 1997 - The animated TV comedy South Park airs its very first episode. 2004 – One hundred fifty-six Congolese Tutsi refugees are massacred at the Gatumba refugee camp in Burundi. 2008 – Russo-Georgian War: Russian units occupy the Georgian city of Gori. 2014 – A Cessna Citation Excel crashes in Santos, São Paulo, Brazil killing all seven people aboard, including Brazilian Socialist Party presidential candidate Eduardo Campos. 2015 – At least 76 people are killed and 212 others are wounded in a truck bombing in Baghdad, Iraq. 2020 – Israel–United Arab Emirates relations are formally established.
Births Pre-1600 985 – Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, Fatimid caliph (died 1021) 1311 – Alfonso XI, king of Castile and León (died 1350) 1567 – Samuel de Champlain, French explorer (died 1635)Fischer (2008), p. 3 1584 – Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English admiral and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Cumberland (died 1640) 1592 – William, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count, field marshal of the Dutch State Army (died 1642)
1601–1900 1625 – Rasmus Bartholin, Danish physician, mathematician, and physicist (died 1698) 1662 – Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, English politician, Lord President of the Council (died 1748) 1666 – William Wotton, English linguist and scholar (died 1727) 1700 – Heinrich von Brühl, Polish-German politician (died 1763) 1717 – Louis François, Prince of Conti (died 1776) 1756 – James Gillray, English caricaturist and printmaker (died 1815) 1764 – Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers, French general (died 1813) 1790 – William Wentworth, Australian journalist, explorer, and politician (died 1872) 1803 – Vladimir Odoyevsky, Russian philosopher and critic (died 1869) 1814 – Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist and astronomer (died 1874) 1818 – Lucy Stone, American abolitionist and suffragist (died 1893) 1819 – Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet, Anglo-Irish mathematician and physicist (died 1903) 1820 – George Grove, English musicologist and historian (died 1900) 1823 – Goldwin Smith, English-Canadian historian and journalist (died 1910) 1824 – John J. Robison, American politician in Michigan (died 1897) 1831 – Salomon Jadassohn, German pianist and composer (died 1902) 1841 – Johnny Mullagh, Australian cricketer (died 1891) 1842 – Charles Wells, English brewer, founded Charles Wells Ltd (died 1914) 1849 – Leonora Barry, Irish-born American social activist (died 1930) 1851 – Felix Adler, German-American religious leader and educator (died 1933) 1860 – Annie Oakley, American target shooter (died 1926) 1866 – Giovanni Agnelli, Italian businessman, founded Fiat S.p.A. (died 1945) 1867 – George Luks, American painter and illustrator (died 1933) 1871 – Karl Liebknecht, German politician, co-founded Communist Party of Germany (died 1919) 1872 – Richard Willstätter, German-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize Laureate (died 1942) 1879 – John Ireland, English composer and educator (died 1962) 1884 – Harry Dean, English cricketer and coach (died 1957) 1888 – John Logie Baird, Scottish engineer, invented the television (died 1946) 1888 – Gleb W. Derujinsky, Russian-American sculptor (died 1975) 1889 – Camillien Houde, Canadian lawyer and politician, 34th Mayor of Montreal (died 1958) 1895 – István Barta, Hungarian water polo player (died 1948) 1895 – Bert Lahr, American actor (died 1967) 1898 – Jean Borotra, French tennis player (died 1994) 1898 – Regis Toomey, American actor (died 1991) 1899 – Alfred Hitchcock, English-American director and producer (died 1980) 1899 – José Ramón Guizado, Panamanian politician, 17th President of Panama (died 1964)
1901–present 1902 – Felix Wankel, German engineer (died 1988) 1904 – Buddy Rogers, American actor and musician (died 1999) 1904 – Margaret Tafoya, Native American Pueblo potter (died 2001) 1906 – Chuck Carroll, American football player and lawyer (died 2003) 1906 – Art Shires, American baseball player and boxer (died 1967) 1907 – Alfried Krupp, German arms manufacturer, convicted war criminal, and Olympic yacht competitor (died 1967) 1907 – Basil Spence, Scottish architect, designed Coventry Cathedral (died 1976) 1908 – Gene Raymond, American actor and pilot (died 1998) 1909 – Brian Lawrance, Australian bandleader (died 1983)The National Archives; Kew, London, England; 1939 Register; Reference: RG 101/464K 1911 – William Bernbach, American advertiser, co-founded DDB Worldwide (died 1982) 1912 – Claire Cribbs, American basketball player and coach (died 1985) 1912 – Ben Hogan, American golfer and sportscaster (died 1997) 1912 – Salvador Luria, Italian-American microbiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1991) 1912 – Big Chief Russell Moore, Pima-American jazz trombonist (Lionel Hampton; Louis Armstrong), and composer (died 1983) 1913 – Makarios III, Greek archbishop and politician, 1st President of Cyprus (died 1977)