Alexander Matheson may refer to:
Sir Alexander Matheson, 1st Baronet (1805–1886), Scottish businessman and Liberal politician Sir Alexander Matheson, 3rd Baronet (1861–1929), member of the Senate of Australia Alexander Matheson (pharmacist), British businessman and Lord Lieutenant of the Western Isles Alexander E. Matheson (1868–1931), American legislator and jurist Alexander Wallace Matheson (1903–1976), Prince Edward Island politician