Events Pre-1600 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor emeritus Diocletian confers with Galerius, Augustus of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former Augustus of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the Tetrarchy. 1028 – Constantine VIII dies, ending his uninterrupted reign as emperor or co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire of 66 years. 1100 – Henry I of England marries Matilda of Scotland, the daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland and a direct descendant of the Saxon king Edmund Ironside; Matilda is crowned on the same day. 1215 – The Fourth Council of the Lateran meets, defining the doctrine of transubstantiation, the process by which bread and wine are, by that doctrine, said to transform into the body and blood of Christ. 1500 – Treaty of Granada: Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples between them. 1572 – Tycho Brahe observes the supernova SN 1572.
1601–1900 1620 – The Mayflower Compact is signed in what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod. 1634 – Following pressure from Anglican bishop John Atherton, the Irish House of Commons passes An Act for the Punishment for the Vice of Buggery. 1673 – Second Battle of Khotyn in Ukraine: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under the command of Jan Sobieski defeat the Ottoman army. In this battle, rockets made by Kazimierz Siemienowicz are successfully used. 1675 – Gottfried Leibniz demonstrates integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of y = ƒ(x). 1724 – Joseph Blake, alias Blueskin, a highwayman known for attacking "Thief-Taker General" (and thief) Jonathan Wild at the Old Bailey, is hanged in London. 1750 – Riots break out in Lhasa after the murder of the Tibetan regent. 1750 – The F.H.C. Society, also known as the Flat Hat Club, is formed at Raleigh Tavern, Williamsburg, Virginia. It is the first college fraternity. 1778 – Cherry Valley massacre: Loyalists and Seneca Indian forces attack a fort and village in eastern New York during the American Revolutionary War, killing more than forty civilians and soldiers. 1805 – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Dürenstein: Eight thousand French troops attempt to slow the retreat of a vastly superior Russian and Austrian force. 1813 – War of 1812: Battle of Crysler's Farm: British and Canadian forces defeat a larger American force, causing the Americans to abandon their Saint Lawrence campaign. 1831 – In Jerusalem, Virginia, Nat Turner is hanged after inciting a violent slave uprising. 1839 – The Virginia Military Institute is founded in Lexington, Virginia. 1855 – A powerful earthquake occurs in Edo, Japan, causing considerable damage in the Kantō region from the shaking and subsequent fires. It had a death toll of 7,000–10,000 people and destroyed around 14,000 buildings._____. (2007). in , p. 253. 1865 – Treaty of Sinchula is signed whereby Bhutan cedes the areas east of the Teesta River to the British East India Company. 1869 – The Victorian Aboriginal Protection Act is enacted in Australia, giving the government control of indigenous people's wages, their terms of employment, where they could live, and of their children, effectively leading to the Stolen Generations. 1880 – Australian bushranger Ned Kelly is hanged at Melbourne Gaol. 1887 – Four convicted anarchists were executed as a result of the Haymarket affair. 1889 – The State of Washington is admitted as the 42nd state of the United States.
1901–present 1911 – Many cities in the Midwestern United States break their record highs and lows on the same day as a strong cold front rolls through. 1918 – World War I: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car in the forest of Compiègne. 1918 – Józef Piłsudski assumes supreme military power in Poland – symbolic first day of Polish independence. 1918 – Emperor Charles I of Austria relinquishes power. 1919 – The Industrial Workers of the World attack an Armistice Day parade in Centralia, Washington, ultimately resulting in the deaths of five people. 1919 – Latvian forces defeat the West Russian Volunteer Army at Riga in the Latvian War of Independence. 1921 – The Tomb of the Unknowns is dedicated by U.S. President Warren G. Harding at Arlington National Cemetery. 1923 – Adolf Hitler is arrested in Munich for high treason for his role in the Beer Hall Putsch. 1926 – The United States Numbered Highway System is established. 1930 – Patent number US1781541 is awarded to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention, the Einstein refrigerator. 1934 – The Shrine of Remembrance is opened in Melbourne, Australia. 1940 – World War II: In the Battle of Taranto, the Royal Navy launches the first all-aircraft ship-to-ship naval attack in history. 1940 – World War II: The German auxiliary cruiser Atlantis captures top secret British mail from the Automedon, and sends it to Japan. 1942 – World War II: France's zone libre is occupied by German forces in Case Anton. 1942 – The Turkish parliament passes the Varlık Vergisi, "After preliminary propaganda, the Turkish Parliament passed Law No. 4305, which introduced the Varlık Vergisi, on November 11, 1942." a capital tax mostly levied on non-Muslim citizens with the unofficial aim to inflict financial ruin on them and end their prominence in the country's economy. 1949 – The People's Liberation Army Air Force is founded. 1960 – A military coup against President Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam is crushed. 1961 – Thirteen Italian Air Force servicemen, deployed to the Congo as a part of the UN peacekeeping force, are massacred by a mob in Kindu. 1962 – Kuwait's National Assembly ratifies the Constitution of Kuwait. 1965 – Southern Rhodesia's Prime Minister Ian Smith unilaterally declares the colony independent as the unrecognised state of Rhodesia. 1965 – United Air Lines Flight 227 crashes at Salt Lake City International Airport, killing 43. 1966 – NASA launches Gemini 12. 1967 – Vietnam War: In a propaganda ceremony in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, three American prisoners of war are released by the Viet Cong and turned over to "new left" antiwar activist Tom Hayden. 1968 – Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt initiated. The goal is to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh trail, through Laos into South Vietnam. 1972 – Vietnam War: Vietnamization: The United States Army turns over the massive Long Binh military base to South Vietnam. 1975 – Australian constitutional crisis of 1975: Australian Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismisses the government of Gough Whitlam, appoints Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister and announces a general election to be held in early December. 1975 – Independence of Angola. 1977 – A munitions explosion at a train station in Iri, South Korea kills at least 56 people. 1981 – Antigua and Barbuda joins the United Nations. 1982 – Space Shuttle Columbia launches from the Kennedy Space Center on STS-5, the first operational mission of the Space Shuttle program. 1992 – The General Synod of the Church of England votes to allow women to become priests. 1993 – A sculpture honoring women who served in the Vietnam War is dedicated at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. 1999 – The House of Lords Act is given Royal Assent, restricting membership of the British House of Lords by virtue of a hereditary peerage. 2000 – Kaprun disaster: One hundred fifty-five skiers and snowboarders die when a cable car catches fire in an alpine tunnel in Kaprun, Austria. 2001 – Journalists Pierre Billaud, Johanne Sutton and Volker Handloik are killed in Afghanistan during an attack on the convoy they are traveling in. 2002 – A Fokker F27 Friendship operating as Laoag International Airlines Flight 585 crashes into Manila Bay shortly after takeoff from Ninoy Aquino International Airport, killing 19 people. 2002 – Russian mathematician Grigori Perelman posts the first of three preprint texts with his proof of the Poincaré conjecture. It remains the only of the Millennium Prize Problems in mathematics to be solved. He later refused both the prize money from Clay Mathematics Institute as well as the Fields Medal for his work. 2004 – New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Warrior is dedicated at the National War Memorial, Wellington. 2004 – The Palestine Liberation Organization confirms the death of Yasser Arafat from unidentified causes. Mahmoud Abbas is elected chairman of the PLO minutes later. 2006 – Queen Elizabeth II unveils the New Zealand War Memorial in London, United Kingdom, commemorating the loss of soldiers from the New Zealand Army and the British Army. 2011 – A helicopter crash just outside Mexico City kills seven, including Francisco Blake Mora the Secretary of the Interior of Mexico. 2012 – A strong earthquake with the magnitude 6.8 hits northern Burma, killing at least 26 people. 2020 – Typhoon Vamco makes landfall in Luzon and several offshore islands, killing 67 people. The storm causes the worst floods in the region since Typhoon Ketsana in 2009. Alt URL 2022 – Russo-Ukrainian War: Ukrainian armed forces enter the city of Kherson following a successful two-month southern counteroffensive. 2024 – A vehicle-ramming attack in Zhuhai, China, kills 38 people and injures 48.
Births
Pre-1600 1050 – Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1106) 1154 – Sancho I of Portugal (died 1212) 1155 – Alfonso VIII of Castile (died 1214) 1220 – Alphonse, Count of Poitiers (died 1271) 1430 – Jošt of Rožmberk, Bishop of Breslau (died 1467) 1441 – Charlotte of Savoy, French queen (died 1483) 1449 – Catherine of Poděbrady, Hungarian queen (died 1464) 1491 – Martin Bucer, German Protestant reformer (died 1551) 1493 – Paracelsus, Swiss-German physician, botanist, astrologer, and occultist (died 1541) 1512 – Marcin Kromer, Prince-Bishop of Warmia (died 1589) 1569 – Martin Ruland the Younger, German physician and chemist (died 1611) 1579 – Frans Snyders, Flemish painter (died 1657) 1599 – Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg (died 1655) 1599 – Ottavio Piccolomini, Austrian-Italian field marshal (died 1656)
1601–1900 1633 – George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, English politician, Lord President of the Council (died 1695) 1668 – Johann Albert Fabricius, German author and scholar (died 1736) 1696 – Andrea Zani, Italian violinist and composer (died 1757) 1743 – Carl Peter Thunberg, Swedish botanist, entomologist, and psychologist (died 1828) 1748 – Charles IV of Spain (died 1819) 1768 – Sikandar Jah, (died 1829) 3rd Nizam of Hyderabad State 1791 – Josef Munzinger, Swiss lawyer and politician, 3rd President of the Swiss Confederation (died 1855) 1821 – Fyodor Dostoevsky, Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist, and philosopher (died 1881) 1836 – Thomas Bailey Aldrich, American poet and author (died 1907) 1852 – Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, Austrian-Hungarian field marshal (died 1925) 1855 – Stevan Sremac, Serbian author and activist (died 1906) 1857 – Janet Erskine Stuart, English nun and educator (died 1914) 1860 – Thomas Joseph Byrnes, Australian politician, 12th Premier of Queensland (died 1898) 1863 – Paul Signac, French painter and educator (died 1935) 1864 – Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian journalist and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1921) 1866 – Martha Annie Whiteley, English chemist and mathematician (died 1956) 1867 – Shrimad Rajchandra, a Jain philosopher, spiritual mentor of Mahatma Gandhi (died 1901) 1868 – Édouard Vuillard, French painter and academic (died 1940) 1869 – Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (died 1947) 1869 – Gaetano Bresci, Italian anarchist assassin (died 1901) 1872 – Maude Adams, American actress (died 1953) 1872 – David I. Walsh, American lawyer and politician, 46th Governor of Massachusetts (died 1947) 1882 – Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (died 1973) 1883 – Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor and academic (died 1969) 1885 – George S. Patton, American general (died 1945) 1887 – Roland Young, English-American actor (died 1953)